Apple Management Essay

Why was Dubinsky initially successful? Her first 3 years at apple from July 1981 through the fall of 1984 was ones continuous success with increasing authority and recognition. She refined and formalized the apple product distribution policy. She exactly understood apple situation in market and create a marketing execution funnel that Apple Company didn’t have this system before. She and her group took all apple products from their respective manufacturing sites to the dealers. They improved warehousing, customer service, credit, repair service, order entry, and a technical group to assist dealers. She was risk taker. Maintained relationship with apple dealers. Willingly and ably fought for her subordinates and for apple dealers and customers. Focused primarily on her caring and honest relationship with her subordinates, Worked closely with 6 distribution centers across the country, She always supported company decision even if she didn’t agree with it. She always had a company’s interest at heart, she was extremely intelligent, had a great sense of humor, had a good ability in presentation, she was self confident, she was very direct. How and why did things unravel? Steve Jobs forced Coleman to do Dubinsky’s job and set up a new distribution plan, and it was more than new distribution system. It was a total change in distribution and manufacturing strategy, taking apple from supply-driven to demand-driven and reducing the distribution and warehouse centers from six to zero, it focused only on central processing units, ignoring apple’s other products, there was no provision for customer complaints and product returns; it was inconvenient for dealers who would be required to split their request between the two product divisions and their respective directors of manufacturing. How did Dubinsky react and why? It was unfair from the side of Dubinsky because it should have been his job to prepare a new system for distribution if required. She found the wrong parts in the distribution plan of Coleman but she could not persuade others to change the company marketing strategy and they did not give her a chance to change or improve that. It’s obvious that she took an emotional decision. But she decided and made an ultimatum: if Campbell did not agree to her terms, she would leave apple. And after that she wrote her letter of resignation, she told weaver about her ultimatum. How should she and others at apple handle the circumstances differently? Steve Jobs was forcing Coleman to do Dubinsky’s job and set up a new distribution plan, and Jobs was doing that because he could make Coleman think in Job’s way, since he was working in Jobs division as director of manufacturing. But that was unfair from the side of Dubinsky because it should have been his job to prepare a new system for distribution if required, since she was responsible for distribution. In that situation, we cannot blame Dubinsky for getting offended; but on the other hand, it’s obvious that she took an emotional decision. She should have acted more professionally. She had already found the wrong parts in the distribution plan of Coleman. Other then criticizing, she should have spent her time on setting up another and new distribution plan. It is obvious that, Apple could reduce its costs with a new distribution system, so that, change was required and it would be done so mehow. She could have harmonized the system that Apple was already using and the system which was proposed by Coleman. It seems like some of the products that Apple manufactured were not suitable for the Just-in-time distribution system, and some of them were suitable. So they could use just-in-time system for some products, but also use the existing distribution system for the required products. That could reduce the number of warehouses and reduce the costs. Probably she should have come up with a new plan. She didn’t want any interventions from the outside while setting up her plan, but, that was an emotional reaction too. The ultimatum she gave was a wrong attitude. She should took recommendations and advice and evaluate a new plan for distribution. How do you explain the success of the transformation? Transformation is successful if improved efficiency and outcome or simplified the way to achievement. In order to remain successful, most businesses need to continually transform and reinvent themselves. Companies who understand this principle are better prepared for the future, and can adjust if need be to the changing world around them. Here are four guidelines that are important to the business transformation process. In order to have a successful transformation we need to: Understand our Company and Its Values understand our goals, set ourselves apart from others, decide our own future. Products and services may come and go, but a company should always remain true to its core values. It is not enough just to have goals. You also have to understand and completely believe in them. Even if you are in the process of transforming certain parts of your business, it is important to stay focused on the primary goals. Make sure you understand why your business exists, and how it makes a difference to your customers. Successful companies almost always have something about them that is just a bit different from their competitors. This is where business transformation can really come into play. Many times a company can greatly increase their level of success and profitability by just revising a few small details. Stay true to your overall goals and mission, but never stop searching for ways to add value and innovation to your company. What was done well and what could have been done differently? AACP had been transformed from an unprofitable hierarchical and demoralized organization whose very existence was at stake, to a profitable, modern and existing company. Bringing in senior managers from outside the industry to replace the old guard revitalized the entire organization .significant effort went into developing new insurance products .expanding distribution and launching bold marketing campaigns, started to actively engage with the local community. Set out to regain AACP’s position as Thailand number two life insurer .finding a replacement for the former chief agency .major change in how agents get paid. Build relationships. Exchange sales techniques .listen to motivational speakers and insurance industry leaders. Reorganization the agency sales force, restructuring the product portfolio, rebuilding the management team, re designing the work environment, reinforcing people management and†¦ but all these changes was regardless to culture factors and there was not sufficient time for employees and customers to adopt with these abrupt changes. It was better first persuade employees and customers about changes. Preparation is necessary before change. What is different about how transformation change works (or not) in Southeast Asia? Each of the Southeast Asian states and the manifold societies of which they are composed are going through incisive processes of transformation. Southeast Asia has long been identified and recognized as one of the most promising and thriving economic regions in the world, and thus inevitably a potential attraction for companies that want to expand their business activities. Singapore, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Brunei, Philippines and Vietnam are enlisted among the fastest growing economies in the world. millions people has earned Southeast Asia a huge base of purchasing power and enriched it in terms of infrastructure development, communication and information technology, power sectors and environment. The members of ASEAN are a great market export destination for Canada after China. The entire credit goes to the explosive economic expansion and an equally strong demand. This happens not only because Southeast Asia has a strong foothold in foreign markets, but also because it gets huge tax benefits from different foreign countries. The strategic location, pro-business environment, attractive tax regulations, skilled labor, technologically superior infrastructure, competent legal set up, upstart lifestyle and a government that is stable as well as proactive, together contribute to the business culture of Southeast Asia. . Southeast Asia attracts a large number of international firms every year. As compared to the other Asian countries, Southeast Asia calls for the least amount of operations. Apart from the tourism industry, huge revenue is generated from trades and expo Southeast Asia is witnessing a huge boom in the IT industry as well. The IT industry is making its hub there and reducing their operational cost substantially. A number of companies in this region derive immense benefit from the similarities in terms of culture, language and even accents. Over all, it can rightly be said that the business culture of Southeast Asia is such that the region is constantly moving high towards the pinnacle of economic growth and justifying itself as a region of increased importance in today’s world of globalization. Clusters of dynamic economies that include the ‘newly emerging’ as well as the ‘highly developed’ are constantly operating and growing as per their characteristic manners and disciplines. All major world religions were established in Southeast Asia. In the course of their introduction to local societies, Hinduism (Bali, Java), Theravada Buddhism (Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia), Sunni Islam (Indonesia, Malaysia), Christianity (Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam), Confucianism and Daoism (Vietnam) were adapted to, and transformed by, these societies’ beliefs and their ritually enacted ideas about the Socio-political, cosmological and moral order, with all these different in languages, cultures and religions. It is almost impossible to survive without change.

Things Fall Apart Study Questions.

Masbah Ahmed Period 6 12/23/12 Part 1 1. Why does Achebe chose to the title of his novel from Yeats’ poem? How does Achebe’s literary allusion to Yeats’ poem might deepen or extend—by comparison and/or contrast—the meaning(s) of Achebe’s title and his novel? Achebe chose the title because Things Fall Apart foreshadows the disaster which this novel portrays. It’s deepens the comparison by showing that thebook may be about how inner issues cause a usual end. 2. Describe Okonkwo, the protagonist of Things Fall Apart. How does he work to achieve greatness as defined by his community and culture?How does he differ from Western heroes whom you are familiar with? Okonkwo was famous throughout nine villages and beyond because of this toughness. He was tall and huge with bushy eyebrows with a wide nose. Okonkwo achieves this greatness by defeating the greatest wrestler (Amalinze). He expressed his anger by using physical violence. He was nothin g like his father Unoka. Oknonwo is different from western heroes unlike the western heroes, he earned his fame by his genuine strength, he beats his wide if they disobey him, and he was proud of his father. 3. a) Descibe Unoka, Okonkwo ‘s father?Unoka was tall and very thin. He was lazy, reckless, and quiet. He was a loafer, never gave back the money he borrowed from people and because of that everyone in the village swore not to give him any money. Unoka was a coward when it came to war and he could stand blood. b) What are Okonwo’s feelings toward Unoka, and why? Okonwo isn’t proud of his father because of his father was a failure. Everyone in the tribe made fun of his father. His father was scared of blood and war unlike him, and Okonkwo thought a man should be strong like a warrior. c) How does the (negative) examples of the his father shapes Oknokwo’s uccess and character and actions? The failure of Okonkwo’s father turned into hate in Okonkwo ’s heart and that hatred lead him to his success and he earned a title in his tribe. d) What do early descriptions of Okonkwo’s success and Unoka’s failure tells us about igbo society? It tells us that people that weren’t successful and was weak were looked down at in Igbo society and people that were strong and successful were held high. e) How does one succeed in this cultural context? One can succeed in this by taking control of its family (especially women) and proving their strength. Also by being honest and hard worker. ) What do we learn from the system of the taking of titles? We learn that having title(s) earns you respect in the tribes. In order for someone to earn title(s), they must be successful and prove their strength. e) Who seems to be excluded from opportunities to gain such a success? People that are excluded from opportunities are people that are lazy and weak. 4. Describe who Achebe’s intended audience(s) might be. What is the effect on you, as a Western reader and outsider to Igbo culture? How do Achebe’s language choices contribute to the novel? For example, â€Å"proverbs are the palm-oil with which words are eaten. † What does this mean? Ch. offers the story of the mosquito, one of several West African tales that explains why these insects buzz irritatingly in people’s ears. Can you think of any similar folktales told in your culture? What is the moral of the fable of the tortoise told in Ch. 11? What values do these stories reflect? Note that some stories are women’s stories, and others are men’s stories. Achebe’s intended audience might be some who isn’t familiar with Igbo society. The effect Igbo society has on me is being amazed by their life style except the part where the men beats the women, other than that, the culture of Igbo society is classic and indescribable.I think this means proverbs are as important as palm-oil. I don’t think ther e are any folktales in my culture. The moral of the story is not to take advantage of people and be courteous to them. These stories reflect Igbo society’s culture, values, and love. 5. a) Describe the setting (time, place, culture) of the novel. The setting of the novel is around 1900’s of Nigeria in the village of Umoufia b) How is social life organized? Social life is organized based on you what you can do and you success, not on your ancestors. c) What are the important celebrations? Two important celebrations are the New Yam Festival and the Week of Peace. ) What is the role of war, of religion and of the arts? Wars don’t take place that easily. At first they try to come to a solution. Religion is a big part Igbo people. They worship the goddess of the earth and are always careful to avoid committing sins against her (god). Art is mostly of playing drums and flute. e) What is the role of the individual in relation to the community of Umuofia? Individual rel ation to the community is having control and respect by proving his strength, and also his wealth. f) Compare/contrast Igbo life ways, customs, perspectives, beliefs, and values of those of your own culture.My culture is nothing similar to Igbo culture. We don’t celebrate New Yam Festival and we don’t have Week of Peace unlike Igbo society does. 6. What effect does night have on people in Ch. 2? What do they fear? How do they deal with their fear of snakes at night? On dark nights, people are scared to go outside. They fear snakes. They deal with their fear by not going outside at night unless there is enough light. On bright nights, people enjoy taking long walks. 7. a) What the important crops? The important crops are yams, kola-nuts, cassava, alligator peppers, corn, and cocoyam. b) What are the seasons?Some seasons are the New Yam Festival, the planting season and the raining season. c) How does sharecropping work? A land owner allows someone else to live on his la nd and grow crops, and takes 2/3 of the crops as rent payment. d) What are the male and female designated crops, and why? The male designated crop is yams, and the female designated crops are coco-yams, beans and cassava because yams are probably more popular. e) What is the relationship of women to agriculture? The relationship of women to agriculture is that women have to grow stuff just like men, but they can only grow stuff that isn’t yams, they have to grow women's crops. ) In contrast to other (e. g. Biblical) representations of locusts as a terrible plague, how does the village react to the coming of the locusts in Ch. 7? The village excitedly collects them because they are good to eat when cooked, in contrast to biblical representations the locust is seen as something bad about to happen. Masbah Ahmed Period 6 01-06-13 8. What does her power and status in Umofia suggest about women’s role in Igbo culture and religious beliefs? Later in the novel, note Chieloâ⠂¬â„¢s roles in the village (e. g.. in Ch6). What are those roles? What does Ch. 1 incident involving the priestess of Agbala tell us about the value of the culture? What side of Okonkwo is revealed by his behavior during that long night? Chielo’s power and status suggests that women are well respected and becomes the leader or advisor. Chielo was the priest of Agbala, the Oracle of the Hills and Caves. She was a mother of two. Incident involving Chielo reveals how loyal and dedicated people are to their culture by letting Chielo take Okonkwo’s daughter in a late night; they couldn’t refuse owing to their fear, which clearly shows that they are willing to do whatever is necessary.This soft-side of Okonkwo was revealed and his weak-side. 9. Interpret this proverb, spoken of Okonkwo: â€Å"When a man says yes his Chi says yes also. † Trace further references in the novel to the chi. What role does Okonkwo’s chi play in shaping his destiny? Trace the other factors in Okonkwo’s case. What this proverb means is that a man’s god will guide him and help him and he must accept what his does chi does for him. Okonkwo’s destiny was shaped by chi because it was his own chi, that he ended up fighting against and eventually he lost. He thought that anything weak needed to be destroyed.He tries to eliminate any weakness within himself. 10. Compare Obierika—a man â€Å"who thinks about things†Ã¢â‚¬â€to Okonkwo. Note the Instances when Okonkwo fails to heed the advice of others, especially of Obierika: What are the consequences? Three times in Part1, Okonkwo breaks Igbo taboos: what drives him to do so in each cases, and what are the consequences to Okonkwo, to his family and to his community? Okonkwo and Obierika are similar because they are both successful men in Igbo society. They are different because Okonkwo doesn’t think or ask questions before doing something.Okonkwo would do anything to hide his weakness where Obierika shares his weakness, for instance he regrets taking the ozo title. Okoknwo didn't pay any heed to him and leads him break the custom of Week of Peace by beating his second wife, and breaking taboos that caused the people to dislike him and his family leaving them with the fear of getting into a war for the solution of this conflict. 11. Describe Okonkwo’s relationships to his wives and children, especially to Ekwafi, Ezinma, and Nowye. What differing roles and functions do men and women have in Igbo society?What is Okonkwo’s attitude toward women? Another African proverb states, â€Å"It takes a village to raise a child. † Compare/contrast the advantages and disadvantages in this social structure to our own family arrangements in the U. S. Okonkwo’s relationship with his wives and children is fearful nevertheless caring and loving. They all respects Okonkwo and scared of him to death. He expects his children to grow up like hi m. Okonkwo expects his wives to carry out duties thoroughly which includes cooking, feeding the children, cleaning the house and helping with the farming.When they do not fulfill all of their duties, he gets very angry at them and sometimes beats them. If he feels disrespected by his wives; he beats them. His relationship with Ekwafi is special because she ran away from her husband to marry Okonkwo. Even though he loves Ekwafi, she suffered the most out all of his wives. To Enzima, he thinks that it would’ve better if she was boy because of hr qualities and personality. Also Enzima is the only surviving child of Ekwafi which made her more special to Okonkwo. To Nowye, he is really strict because he wants Nowye to grow up strong like him and carry on his legacy.In Igbo society, men are to be strong, successful and should be able to control their women. Women are expected to all the house works. Men and women were given different crops to plant and their funerals were different . Men’s funerals were more important the women’s. Okonkwo’s attitude toward women is harsh and violent. He thinks they should do whatever he says or they will regret it. This proverb’s advantage is that it helps a child to be successful when everyone helps and the disadvantage is that the child will become dependent on others. This is contrastable to the social structure in family arrangements in U.S. because it’s least likely for a society to help out a child because all they know is â€Å"I, for myself†. 12. What is the crime that causes Okonkwo’s to be reprimanded in Ch. 4? What does it tell you about the values of the culture? Why, according to Ezeani, is wife beating considered even at times other than Peace Week? The crime is Okonkwo beats his wife violently because she came home late and didn’t cook any supper even though he wasn’t supposed to hit her because it was the Peace Week. This shows that Igbo culture is practiced by rule and strictly and is taken very seriously.Beating wife is seen as wrong even beyond Peace Week according to Ezeani because the peace should be kept to honor their goddess. 13. a. Briefly summarize the story of Ekwafi given in Ch. 5. b. What kind of woman is she? c. What do you think is the significance of women having to sit with their legs together? d. What is done to break the cycle of birth and death? e. What attitudes toward children does it reflect? f. How does Igbo belief in Ogbanje and the efforts to break the cycle of birth and death contrast to the â€Å"egnima† of â€Å"throwing away† of twins? h.Does Achebe seem to validate the belief in ogbanje? How or why? a. Ekwafi fell in love with Ikemefuna when she saw him wrestling. B. She was the beauty of the village. She ran away from her husband to marry Okonkwo. Ekwafi is the woman who goes after what she wants and she loves wrestling. C. The significance of women having to sit their legs togethe r is it shows that they have self-respect and it is formal. D. To break the cycle of birth and death, they are supposed to find iyi-uwa and destroy it. E. Ekwafi prizes her daughter because she is the only child that survived.F. It reflects that she loves children because show lost many to neglect the one she has. G. The Igbo in ogbanje contrast to the â€Å"enigma† of the â€Å"throwing away† of twins by killing them instead of trying to drive the evil spirits away. h. He does seem to validate in his belief in it based on the depiction. 14. A. What is the purpose of the taking of Ikemefuna? B. How does he come to stay in Okonkwo’s home? C. What is Okonkwo’s relationship with Ikemefuna? D. Compare Okonkwo’s feelings to Nowye’s affection for Ikemefuna? E. Why is Okonkwo disappointed with his son Nowye?F. How has Nowye begun to â€Å"act like a man† (Ch. 7)? G. What values does Okonkwo associate with manliness? h. How does Nowye relate to these values? i. What are the reasons and circumstances of Ikemefuna’s death? j. Why does Okonkwo act as he does, despite the advice of others not to participate in the killing of Ikemefuna (Ch. 7)? k. How does Nowye feel and (re)act? L. Compare Okonkwo’s attitude toward Nowye to Konkwo’s attitude toward his daughter Ezinma (presented in Ch. 8). a. The purpose of taking Ikemefuna was restitution for the death of Umofian woman. B.Okonkwo took let Ikemefuna stay at his house because of the oracle. c. At first their relationship was like a master and slave but later it changed to a father-son relationship. d. Okonkwo likes Ikemefuna more than Nwoye because of the manliness lies within Ikemefuna. e. Oknokwo is disappointed with his son because Nwoye has the personality of his grandfather: weak and soft-minded. f. Nwoye has begun to act like a man by doing masculine jobs, grumbling about women and listening to Okonkwo’s stories about bloodshed and violence. g. Okonkwo doesn’t tolerate weakness in men. h.Nwoye relates to these values because he is starting to show interests in masculine works and continuing his dad’s legacy. i. Ikemefuna was killed under Oracle’s decision. J.. Okonkwo does along because he didn’t want anyone to think he is weak or appear weak to others. K. Nwoye looked at Ikemefuna as a big brother and the death of his older brother left him all alone: he weeps for Ikemefuna. l. Okonkwo loves his daughter Ezinma more than his son Nwoye and he thinks Ezinma should’ve been a boy instead of a girl. 15. How are white men first introduced into the story? Why might Africans suppose that they don’t have any toes?What sorts of attitudes do the African express about white men? White men are introduced as foreign explorers. The Africans suppose that they don’t have any toes because they wear shoes. Africans looked at whites as weird, strange, and enemy of their tribe. 16. How does one-handed egwugwu praise the dead men? What do we learn from the depiction of the funeral ceremony? What tragic incident forces Okonkwo into exile? One-handed egwugwu praised the dead men by dancing while carrying basket of water. We learn that the funeral ceremonies are taken seriously. Okonkwo’s gun explodes and kills a boy accidently. 7. What are these internal conflicts? What part does the village leader Okonkwo play in the dissension? How does Okonkwo jeopardize his own authority within his community? The internal conflicts are Okonkwo beats his wife during Peace Week. He had to pay a fine for his action. Because of what he did, he irritates the Oracles. 18. In what ways can things fall apart be considered a response to depictions of africans in western literature such as joseph conrads heart of darkness or other images of africa portrayed in the westernvmedia,film,books, etc that you are familiar with ?How does Achebe’s novel correct such European depictions of Africa and Africans, and offer you an afrocentric rather than eurocentric perspective? This book shows that actual culture of Africans(Igbo society) ; it’s totally different from what is written or shown on T. V about Africans based stereotypes. Achebe shows how the Africans are loyal to their culture and their religion by explaining the events thoroughly. 19. What aspects to of pre-colonial Igbo culture does Achebe seem to question or criticize? How does Achebe use characters like Obierika, Okonkwo, and Nowye to offer such social criticism of Igbo society?How do the people of Umofia react to change? Achebe seems to question or criticize the consequences people have to pay when it wasn’t meant to take place. He uses these characters to show they were treated and viewed by the society. The people in Umofia would be scared of changes since they were independent, especially with the nature. 20. Describe your initial reading experience and response(s) to Things Fall Apart Part 1 as a cross-cultural encounter: how are you responding to this exposure to traditional Igbo culture and people? Why do you think you are responding as you are?What seems most different and/or foreign to you? What seems most similar and/or familiar to you? My reading experience was astonishing. The Igbo culture is pretty interesting: something I want to look into. I am responding like this because I love learning about new cultures/religions; it helps me understand people’s mind and their course of action. What seems foreign to me is unnecessary actions taken by the Oracle such as taking Ikemefuna and a virgin because of the crime Mbaino committed. What seems familiar to me is gathering during a festival.

Pest Russia

Political – The political risks are the same in any emerging market and all have to be considered by the possible new organisation. ? Russia has a reputation for organised crime and corruption which has long been an issue for any investors. ? There are very strict laws in Russia to do with mode of entry and so the country usually prefers to trade with its former Soviet allies. Potential tourists could be eliminated from entering Russia due to the strict rules on visas for all tourists entering the country. ? There are a number of policies, laws, marketing and advertising, and health and safety requirements which all international organisations must adhere to – if they do not they will be punished and may not be able to expand within Russia. Economical – Economic growth, population size and income are some of the factors which affect the choice location of firms. This transitional economy is known for high rate of inflation, foreign trade deficits, high rates of u nemployment and high costs of capital. ? Although the low labour costs are often what attracts organisations to this emerging market there are a number of hurdles which they must get over before they even get to that stage. ? The global economic crisis has caused the price of oil and gas to ‘dwindle’ which has caused huge fluctuations in the Rouble. ‘The EIUU forecasts 2. 5% GDP growth for 2010 and 4. 1% for 2011, which represents a stronger and quicker rebound than in Western Europe’ (Geieregger, Chawala and Veller 2009) ? ‘Russia has undergone significant changes since the collapse of the Soviet Union, moving from a globally-isolates, centrally-planned economy to a more market-based and globally-integrated economy’ (Central Intelligence Agency 2010). Social Russia has the largest land mass in the world spanning over 17,000,000 square kilometres. ? Russia has a low populations growth at -0. 465% Technological ? Certain parts of Russia are impr oving on their infrastructure. For example Sochi are developing the local rail network as well as redeveloping one of their airport terminals in order to be able to hand the pressure from visitors at the 2014 Olympic Games

MEASURING QUALITY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MEASURING QUALITY - Essay Example Outcomes define the end results of nursing interventions and are indicators of problem resolution or progress toward problem or symptom resolution. (ANA) The ICNP ® defines a nursing outcome as the measure or status of a nursing diagnosis at points in time after a nursing intervention. (ICNP 2001) There are several indicators used by health care providers in measuring patient outcomes. This paper would only discuss two (2) indicators: (1) functional status and (2) patient satisfaction with care. A patient undergoes functional assessment to determine his/her abilities to perform activities of daily living. Functional status is assessed in terms of the ability to feed, dress, toilet, move, transfer, and ambulate self independently or with some degree of required assistance. This is usually done upon admission, during confinement, and before discharge from the hospital or healthcare institution. The quality of care provided is measured by the difference or improvement in functional abilities upon admission and before discharge. Patient satisfaction with care is measured using customer satisfaction surveys or questionnaires which gauge the ability of healthcare providers to satisfy the needs of the patients. Areas for improvement could be identified using the questionnaires. Immediate courses of action should be instituted to improve on the weaknesses and to commend quality care. The role of healthcare providers in quality care can never be overemphasized. â€Å"As stewards of patient care, nurses maintain a unique role in identifying and guiding the intervention processes central to quality care†. (Gantz, et.al. 2003) Their personal approach to their patients makes them the front liners in patient care. To enable healthcare providers to ensure that the provision for quality care is being delivered, there should be a continuous quality

Breast cancer screening and management in AL Nor Hospital Airport Essay

Breast cancer screening and management in AL Nor Hospital Airport Road, Abu dhabi UAE - Essay Example The hospital also participates in the World Cancer day, so as to create awareness on the management of breast cancer. Al Nor Hospital is based along the Airport road in Abu Dhabi. The hospital is state-of-the-art, and it was developed in 2008. The hospital provides diverse services in the areas of; in-patient and out-patient services, diagnostic services, surgical procedures, and medical services. Most importantly, the hospital boasts of 24 hours GP and emergency procedures or services. The hospital has five operating theaters, with 103 bed capacity that has VIP and royal suits. Staffs of the hospital are highly trained in tope hospitals and medical schools in the USA and Europe. The medical facilities are most advanced, with latest diagnostic and treatment procedures and equipment. The hospital has specialized departments in the areas of surgery, cancer treatment, and nuclear medicine. The hospital thus has competent staffs and superior medical facilities, to handle the treatment of breast cancer. The Al Nor Hospital has put adequate financial investments in the management of cancer. In 2014, the hospital entered into a contract to acquire the Gulf International Centre that is valued at US$21.8 million. The centre is the only cancer treatment facility that is found in Abu Dhabi. The land for the cancer centre was additionally leased at US$2.7 million for 25 years. An extra payment of US$2.2 million was made, and it is based on performance. The acquisition process was accomplished on February 10, 2014 (Al Noor Hospitals Group PLC., 2014). Cancer is a health condition that results from the uncontrolled growth of abnormal body cells. This condition occurs when the body’s control system fails to work properly leading to the persistence of old cells that grow abnormally into new abnormal cells. These new abnormal cells may form a mass of cells called a

Answering the given questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answering the given questions - Assignment Example Venezuela mainly adopted capital controls so as to protect its domestic economy from the volatile or unpredictable capital movements. The sole aim of doing so was to allow full domestic employment and maximizing of social welfare, saving of foreign exchange  and keeping both international and domestic finances under the national control. Generally, the motivations at the back capital controls often ranged from the rising revenues, buying time for managing a speculative aggression, and the international monetary transformation.   On the other hand, controls were adopted in Venezuela due to its provision of a substitute for insufficient solvency supervision regarding banks and all the other financial firms, reduction of the amount of unstable temporary foreign credits with regards to the prevailing economy, and the aspect of limitation with regards to international financier’s power (Knight & Satchell, 2007).   From the Venezuela’s case, there can be a cognitive distinction between the black and gray market. Black market is often not a physical region or place, but is rather a fiscal activity whereby goods and/or services are transacted illegally. On the other hand, gray market refers to a commodity trade through the distribution channels in which, as much as they can be legal, they are unofficial, unintended, or unauthorized by the primary manufacturer (Knight & Satchell, 2007).  The Santiago’s financial analysis is based on its choices and can be summarized in a simple manner. The entire financial mishap was due to the attempt of trying to meet the U.S Dollar obligation. This was after a transaction that saw the disbursement of $30000 worth products from a U.S based vendor to a specific customer who went to the extent of reselling it. He then opted for a dollar exchange through a gray market whereby there was an involvement in a deposit of up to 20%. This deal was hence s ealed after two business days. The un-official gray market

Social Structure Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Structure Theory - Essay Example Social structure theory is a sociological theory based on the argument that the social surroundings in which one exists tend to affect his or her behavior. There is a strong relationship between social environment and behavior in that the manner in which people behaves will be similar despite of their social environment. From the film, it is evident that people from different social surrounding behave differently from people in a different social surrounding. For instance, those people who grew up in poverty and lower class social surroundings tend to manifest criminal behaviors than those from upper class (Durkheim, 1951) The film endorses the social structure theory in that it shows how the society is composed of social institutions such as educational, political, economic, family, and religious whose purpose is to socialize an individual. Further, it shows how society is classified based on economic income and social status whereby those with high economic income belong in upper c lass and have high statuses in society as compared to those with low economic income that have low status in society. It depicts how people in all societies in the world aspire and desire to utilize and maximize their potentials in life but deficiency in natural skills and talents hinder some of them from achieving their objectives. This in turn makes them turn to other means such as crime in order to realize their dreams. The film reveals that social disorganization make people violate the laid down rules and regulations since there is total breakdown of power of informal community to control their behavior. This is attributed to the fact that they want to get themselves out of informal community in which the society has placed them. As such, they will engage in criminal behavior such as human trafficking and slavery in order to achieve their goals (Hester & Eglin, 1992). Social strain theory explains that crime in all societies is as a reaction to the conditions and circumstances that hinder opportunities for some people to achieve economic success for which all individuals are supposed to have. From the film, it is evident that there is no institutional balance of power as proposed by social structure theory. This trend often leads to forced control of some institutions by others thus depriving them some societal privileges. Poverty bounds people from different cultures. The disintegration of informal social control eventually leads to social disorganization as violent groups replace social institutions such as family, schools, and religion as socializers thus transmitting violent values to people (Hester & Eglin, 1992). Therefore, human trafficking is as a result of intergeneration spread of violent values. The film highlights the most serious social issues in modern society, which is human trafficking, and violation of human rights whereby human beings from different parts of the world are sold into slavery for different purposes. People assume that human trafficking is a vice that existed in the distant past or in nations where everybody is above the law. This idea is wrong because as the film depicts, human trafficking exist in every part of the world where people are transported to other nations for working in illegal business or engaging in prostitution. In most cases, men are usually trafficked to provide labor while women are trafficked for prostitution. The film describes that human traffi

Leadership and management 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership and management 2 - Essay Example Purpose and Requirements of Commissioning for GP Consortia in the NHS The purpose and requirements of commissioning of GP Consortia in NHS is as follows: 1. The main objective of GP Consortia Commissioning is to ensure that the design and structure of the health system is unique and innovative and different (Doctors.net.uk, 2011). 2. The Commissioning calls for the designing a healthcare system, which would revolve around the needs and requirements of the patients (Doctors.net.uk, 2011). 3. It also ensures that the NHS resources are properly utilized. Principles and Practice of Commissioning in the NHS Commissioning in the NHS is considered a method and approach, which concentrates on delivering healthcare facilities and services to the general population. Furthermore, the approach is based on the needs and requirements of the patient. The process of commissioning is considered to be â€Å"complex process with responsibilities ranging from assessing population needs, prioritizing he alth outcomes, procuring products and services, and managing service providers† (Department of Health Website, 2011).  Ã‚  In simple terms, commission in the NHS is considered to be the procedure and a methodology, which concentrates on delivery of healthcare resources to the general public. The principles of Commissioning in the NHS are as follows: 1. ... 5. â€Å"Using commissioning not just to retain existing services or commission new ones but, where necessary, to decommission services which are inefficient, ineffective, inequitable or unsustainable† (GP Commissioning Consortia, 2010). 6. Striving for constant and ongoing improvement and enhancement in the healthcare system. 7. Ensuring that performance of the healthcare system is enhanced and improved. Commissioning Process in the NHS The first step is to understand the process of commissioning in the NHS. The Commissioning process in the NHS calls for identification and recognition of the intended healthcare outcomes. Furthermore, it calls for meeting the needs and demands of the general public along with proper utilization of resources and priorities (Department of Health Website, 2011). For this purpose, it is essential to identify the needs and requirements of the public. Healthcare providers are considered to be the main providers of information and knowledge in the st age of understanding. Based on their perspective, services and facilities are designed in accordance to the need and requirements of the public. After the identification of needs and requirements, it is essential to make an assessment. The process of assessment concentrates on delivering services in an effective manner, opting for the best and sustainable option (GP Commissioning Consortia, 2010). The next step calls for the implementation of the commissioning strategies and ensuring that the resources are utilized in a proper way. After the implementation of commissioning strategies, it is essential to review and report the intended outcomes. How a Medical Practice can become Part of a Practice

Network Security Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Network Security Paper - Essay Example This essay focuses on the increased concern over the effects of the heartbleed bug on the internet security (Codenomicon, 2014). This loophole allows stealing of secured information and data under normal settings, by the SSL/TLS encryption used to protect the Internet. The SSL/TLS covers privacy and communication security for applications found in the Internet such as the web, instant messaging (IM), email and virtual private networks (VPNs). The Heartbleed bug permits any user accessing the Internet to read the systems’ memory secured by the weaker versions of the OpenSSL applications. This jeopardizes the secret keys used to pinpoint the service providers and to encode the movement, the names and passwords of the users and the authentic content. This permits hackers to spy on data, steal information straight from the services and users and to impersonate services and users (Codenomicon, 2014). The Heartbleed bug is listed in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures system as CVE-2014-0160. CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) is the Standard for Information Security Vulnerability Names preserved by MITRE. The technical name, CVE-2014-0160 is named from the line of code that the bug is contained. However, a secure version of OpenSSL was released on April 7, 2014, after the Heartbleed bug was publicly revealed. At the time close to 17% an estimated half a million of the Internets protected web servers licensed by trust authorities were alleged to be exposed to the bug. Hence, permitting the stealing of the servers digital keys used to encrypt data and gain access over users session cookies and passwords (BBC News, 2014). The loophole allows a hacker to gain access of up to 64 kilobytes of server memory. However, the hackers execute the attack repeatedly to access a substantial amount of information. Therefore, a hacker can gain access to users’ cookies from web browsers and servers that keep

Healcare policy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Healcare policy - Assignment Example However, this law has been applauded for reducing cost of healthcare as it is anticipated by research conducted by different scientists (Hertel, 2011). The implementation of the law will be affect the access to healthcare in the US since it will make healthcare accessible to many people who had no access before due to cost. However, the law will lead to detriment to quality of healthcare offered to Americans since little resources will cater for a huge number of patients (Hertel, 2011). The increased number of patients seeking healthcare will lead to increased numbers of healthcare practitioners compromising nursing standards. This will create a problem for oversight bodies in maintaining quality healthcare practices (Gray, 2011). Every American has a right to access quality healthcare and this law gives an opportunity to all Americans to access quality healthcare. In my own opinion, I think there should be a law that looks into the welfare of mental patients and a law should be created to provide mandatory healthcare to these patients. A policy should be implemented to create nursing standards and practices that cater for mental p atients under a universal healthcare

Discuss the Importance of Non-Lethal Weapons for Police Operations Research Paper

Discuss the Importance of Non-Lethal Weapons for Police Operations - Research Paper Example It is often left to the practical application on the field (Jussila, 2001), as it is not possible to determine the extent of police force used before the actual event. However, preferably, the police is expected to minimize the damage to the persons involved, and the property (Jussila, 2001), with the understanding that it is inevitable to cause some sort of offence to the criminals or the property during police operations. If there is no checks and balances, there would be unfair and unjustified loss, both of the life and the property of the parties involved (Jussila, 2001). For this purpose, there is an increased trend to employ non-lethal weapons, or force instruments (Jussila, 2001), so that even fewer cases of damages are invoked. This paper purports to analyze the importance of such non-lethal weapons during police operations. The weapons are basically categorized into two classes; against the people and against the machinery, such as the vehicles (Capstick, 2001). There are so me significant examples of weaponry employed for each category, and the following is a brief description of each of these non-lethal weapons, and their importance in police operations. ` The most common forms of weapons are lasers and tasers. Lasers are straight rays of high intensity light that is used to focus targets, make the machinery malfunction, and even as an offensive weapon against criminals (Capstick, 2001). The newer versions of lasers are safe for the eyes, so they can be used without any permanent damage to the victims (Capstick, 2001). Tasers, on the other hand, are essentially shocks of high voltage, low amplitude electricity that is shot through the body of the victim (Capstick, 2001). This causes a reversible and temporary neuromuscular failure, causing the victim to succumb to the police officers (Capstick, 2001). However, care must be taken not to overuse the tasers as it might even prove to be detrimental to the officers using them. Foams come in sticky and aque ous forms (Capstick, 2001). They stick to the victim and make him unable to move, by increasing in volume and engulfing the victim (Capstick, 2001). The aqueous forms can easily be removed later on and do not cause the danger of suffocation or eye damage (Capstick, 2001). However, they are not as adhesive as the sticky foam. Simple water is perhaps the most effective and the safest form of non-lethal weapon used against large gatherings for dispersion and for clearance of a closed off area (Capstick, 2001). It is used with pressure through pumps and water guns, and can be infused with dyes to mark the miscreants (Capstick, 2001). Acoustic weapons and malodarants are two technologies that can be effectively used against mass gatherings and for crowd dispersal (Capstick, 2001). However, they can be a source of inconvenience for the people in the neighborhood and for untargeted victims (Capstick, 2001), as they need to be further improved and refined. However, they have the potential f or effective force employment that is non-detrimental to the victims, like the water guns. Sticky nets are another example of non-lethal weapons, and they can be fired using simple dispensers that can be attached to the police guns to entrap the victims and make them indisposed to counterattack (Capstick, 2001). Non-lethal weapons that can be used against machinery such as vehicles include

Merchants of Cool Essay Example for Free

Merchants of Cool Essay In watching the film, Merchants of Cool, which was aired in 2001, it is quite concerning how our society is turning to consuming as a means of achieving a satisfying standard of living. The film brought to light how large media companies, especially conglomerates that own all production and distribution of media from start to finish, study and sell to teen youths because of their large quantity of â€Å"guilt money†, disposable income giving to youth by parents to keep them happy. They have become the most marketed group, which in turn turns the youth into adults that continue to seek happiness in consuming. The fear in this standard of living is that we start losing touch with our true values, and instead of looking towards family, community, ethnicity and religion as the creator of cultural forms, we are now being oriented as a society by the world of commodities. And with the advancement of technology, so has marketing research advanced, where we are being specifically being catered to with ads to continue this cycle of finding meaning and happiness through the purchase of goods and services. Advertisers know that they cannot sell meaning and happiness, but they can illicit those feelings by advertising visions of what a â€Å"good life† should be through the selling of products, known as **image-based advertising**. Sut Jhally’s article, Image-Based Culture: Advertising and Popular Culture, explains how image-based advertising has been so integrated into our way of thought and consumption that it is difficult to pinpoint when our most cherished values became tied into consumer culture (p 201). Advertisements have taken up so much of our public space and discourse, and now even our private with the advancement of technology, that we are constantly being shown what the vision of happiness is, and what we must buy to achieve a satisfying standard of living. Juliet Schor’s article, The New Politics of Consumption: Why Americans Want So Much More Than They Need, breaks down the idea that Americans live in a constant state of **dis-ease**: worrying about the preoccupation with getting and spending (p 205). Not only is this disconcerting because it takes away from living in the moment, but it pushes us to live beyond our means. We aren’t happy because we do not emulate what we see as the â€Å"good life† because of the growing aspirational gap because of upscale emulation. We are never at ease where we stand economically and socially, and feel the pressures to keep up. And although this is a problem with the upper and middle class, it is a more dangerous problem for the lower class. The trickle effect of status symbol goods, such as state of the art phones, flat screen televisions, etc. , sets up those with limited resources and aspirations of living the â€Å"good life† by buying those goods for continual financial failure through consumption of expensive goods that is beyond their means. The film, The Merchants of Cool, aired in 2001, and the way that companies acquired information from the consumer was with â€Å"cool hunters†, marketing researchers who would research and interview to see what trends could be capitalized on. The analyzing was apparent, as opposed to now where consumers are being researched and targeted in ways that are more subtle, and now advertisers have the tools to more conspicuously sell us the â€Å"good life†. On the radio interview â€Å"How Companies are ‘Defining Your Worth’ Online†, Joseph Turrow discussed how marketers don’t even have to do much to gather information from us, they can now track our online movements using digital tracking like cookies. This information is gathered and sold to advertisers by data marketers, unbeknownst to us. Market research has evolved so much because of the growing digital world we live in. And advertisers are now able to subtly sell to us in a personally targeted way, instead of the blatant in your face banner ads that we would automatically close without even reading them. Although this is perfectly legal, the downfall falls on the consumer that is being researched and targeted. Our sense of consumption is insatiable when we are constantly being targeted, we lose a sense of privacy when we are constantly being watched, and, as Joseph Turrow also discussed, and we can also be targets of **digital social discrimination**. Digital social discrimination, which is the idea that companies can take digital information and make inferences of what kind of ads are suitable for the individual consumer, they target only certain ads, discounts, and such (2012). Advertisers then think of that individual only in a certain way, and may even target ads that may have negative connotations, such as getting out of debt ads, weight loss, and such. Consumers are being categorized, and because of the categories they are being targeted by certain ads, which perhaps sell a good that is not appropriate, and denied others because of assumptions being made by the online information gathered on that individual. This is why it is important to have some sort of regulatory system overseeing the structure and ownership of media. U. S. government plays only a small role in determining who owns the media, and only regulates it minimally, and the power of the U. S. media that uses the market research to produce products reaches us not just here in the United States, but also has a global impact. Because of the United States’ **cultural imperialism**, where American styles in fashion and food, as well as media far, dominate the global market, our versions of the â€Å"good life† are influenced on parts of the world, as discussed in Richard Campbell’s â€Å"Media Economics and the Global Marketplace†, (p 411). Our ‘cultural dumping’ of exporting U. S. media can influence other countries societal value systems, development of original local products, and abandon their own rituals to adopt American tastes. In reality, the power behind these large media researchers, marketers, producers, and distributors, who are often the owned by the same company, is astounding and influences not only our lives as an individual, but also has the potential to influence on a global level. They are able to gather information about individuals, sell it, and categorize as they see fit, leaving us with no sense of privacy, with the goal of selling us as many goods and services as possible until we reach the unattainable â€Å"good life†, which is a vision that they have carefully created. Until we, as consumers, are more aware of how much consumption has taken over our sense of self-worth and satisfaction and how little privacy we have in the new digital age, we will keep trying to buy the â€Å"good life†. ?

Prediction Of Spark Ignition Engine Testing Engineering Essay

Prediction Of Spark Ignition Engine Testing Engineering Essay Introduction Internal combustion engines date back to the 1800s. Since then, they have improved considerably as the knowledge of the engine process has evolved. The engine process is seen as a complex one and so, calculating the various engine parameters is a complicated task. There have been a number of computer programmes with the aim of estimating these parameters; OpenWAM is relatively new simulation software that intends to do this. OpenWAM, or open wave action model, is a free, open-source code that has been developed to solve the thermo- and fluid dynamics of compressible flow through the different components of an engine. The aim of this project to use OpenWAM to generate a full set of engine performance and fuel economy prediction estimates and to then compare these with experimental results. The engine in question is that of a BMW-Mini Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine. It will be tested over a range of different operating loads and speeds. A successful interpretation of this softw are, and the results, could optimise the operation of the internal combustion engine. This Interim Report details a synopsis of the literary review done to date. It includes the main principles of an internal combustion engine, including the intake and exhaust system as well as the in-cylinder process. The details of OpenWam software are mentioned and its applications. The aims of this project are also described. Literary Review Basic Principles Internal combustion engines have one main purpose, that is; the production of mechanical energy from the chemical energy contained in the fuel. The basic principles behind any reciprocating engine are the same. The cycle has four stages; intake, compression, expansion, exhaust. The intake stroke begins with the piston at the top of the cylinder (TDC) and the inlet valve open. As the piston moves down a vacuum is created and air-fuel mixture is drawn into the cylinder. When the piston reaches the bottom (BDC) the inlet valve is closed and the compression stroke begins. This involves the piston moving up and compressing the air-fuel mixture. This is then ignited in the expansion stroke. As the air-fuel mixture is heated it expands, pushing the piston down, to bottom centre (BC). The outlet valve is then opened and the exhaust gases are removed to the atmosphere. The piston moves up to TDC as the exhaust stroke finishes the cycle [1]. Figur-1 Basic Combustion Cycle The engine used in this project is a four-cylinder engine. Most engines used for automobiles have four cylinders. The number of cylinders is an important consideration for the overall performance of an engine. Each of the cylinders, contain a piston that is connected to the crankshaft. The movement of the piston rotates the crankshaft. The crankshaft is what turns the wheels. The more pistons powering the crankshaft means more power can be generated in less time. The engine used in this project is a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine. This means that the fuel is injected directly into the cylinder. With regular engines, the fuel and air is mixed before entering the cylinder. This will be discussed in further detail in preceding sections. Basic Components https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-EFsCsEgOJjUpGnjd4_IxuzJ8fGKvkm1uNYuaBjXS4Qy43_DFS4fCdBply3NcFb_QcErjPZrqLqryochCygwjjsdI13yyN7GwVNyvgD8_Om5pR0eR7MuuTv9dJxthC8Q1qlFg4CQEKjM/s1600/BMW_S1000RR_ENGINE_CUTAWAY_700x462_700.jpg Figure-2 Engine Cutaway Intake The engine intake process governs many important aspects of the flow within the cylinder. The efficiency of combustion and the production of pollutants are strongly dependent on the flow of air during the intake stroke. Fluid Flow during Intake Process The gas flowing into the cylinder, through the intake valve, behaves as a conical jet. The axial and radial velocity components, of the jet, are up to ten times that of mean piston speed. High speeds of the fluid lead to turbulence. Turbulence is generated due to the large velocity gradient formed when the jet separates from the valve. Turbulent flow undergoes irregular mixing and the speed of the fluid is constantly changing magnitude and direction. By increasing the rate of momentum, heat and mass transfer of the fluid, turbulent flow encourages mixing within the cylinder. It leads to the formation of vortices. Vortices are large-scale rotating flow patterns that are unsteady and react with each other. These vortices are important governing factors of the overall behaviour of the flow. They remain until the end of the intake stroke, where they become unstable and break up. Turbulence is essential to the effective operation of an SI engine. It is a goal of any engine to maximise the turbulent effect, however this is complicated by the fact that flow patterns change during the engine cycle. They are largely dependent on the design of the intake system and are quite sensitive to small variations in flow. They are largely dependent on the design of the intake system and are quite sensitive to small variations in flow. This can lead to substantial cycle-to-cycle variations. The turbulent flow of air within the combustion chamber is almost exclusively generated during the intake stroke [3] Volumetric Efficiency Pg.209 Volumetric efficiency is defined is the measure of success with which air is inducted into an engine. It is defined as the ratio of the volume flow rate of air into the intake system, to the rate at which the volume is displaced by the engine. More simply, it is the actual rate at which air enters the cylinder, over a given period in time, to the theoretical rate at which it should enter, over the same time period [6]. C:Documents and SettingsucdMy DocumentsDownloadsCodeCogsEqn.gif Where; ÃŽÂ ·v volumetric efficiency Ma mass flow rate of air ÃŽÂ ¡a, 0 density of air Vd displaced cylinder volume N crankshaft rotational speed Volumetric efficiency is used to measure the overall effectiveness of an engine. It is mainly affected by the density of air entering the cylinder, the design of the intake and exhaust manifolds, and the timing of the intake and exhaust valves. The high temperatures within the combustion chamber have a limiting effect on the mass flow rate of air into the system, thus reducing volumetric efficiency. To counteract this, air with higher density, i.e. lower temperature and higher pressure, is preferred. This increases the amount of air entering the system, improving the volumetric efficiency. The intake and exhaust manifold and valve timing have similar limiting effects. The amount of air entering the cylinder is also largely dependent on these parameters. These parameters constrain the maximum possible engine power. This is why the volumetric efficiency of an engine is very important. Frictional Losses Pg.212 Losses due to friction have a major impact on the engines performance. During the intake stroke, losses due to friction, in every part of the intake system, mean the in-cylinder pressure (pc) is less than the atmospheric pressure (patm). The difference between these two values is dependent on the square of the speed. The total friction loss is the combined losses from each of the components in the intake system; air-filter, inlet manifold, inlet valve and inlet port. Each component adds a loss of a few percent, on average, pc can be 10-20% lower than atmospheric [1]. RAM effect During the intake process the RAM effect needs to be considered when calculating an engines performance. It occurs when the open valve phase is extended beyond that of the intake stroke to improve charging the cylinder and make best use of the inertia of the gases in the intake system. As the piston reaches TDC during the intake stroke, the inlet valve does not close immediately. Instead it remains open, as the compression stroke begins. This allows any extra air to be added to the cylinder. The momentum of the air during the intake stroke carries it into the cylinder even after the piston has reached the bottom of the cylinder. At high speeds, the intake valve can remain open for longer to optimize the RAM effect. The inlet valve isnt closed until a crank angle of approximately 40-60o after BDC to take advantage of this. However for engines running at lower speeds, the momentum is not high enough, this can cause the air already in the cylinder to be forced out. Adapting the inlet va lve open phase can have a major impact on the engines performance [2]. Overlap When considering both the RAM effect and the blowdown phase (discussed later), it is clear to see that there is a period of overlap, when both the inlet and outlet valves are open. If the pressure inlet to outlet ratio is less than one then backflow occurs. This involves a rush of exhaust gases out through the exhaust manifold that aids the intake of air into the cylinder during the intake stroke. This works best at higher speeds, when its main advantage of overlap is the improvement in volumetric efficiency. As with any fluid flowing through a system of intricate pipes, cylinders, valves, there are friction, pressure and inertial forces present. The importance of these forces is dependent on the both the velocity of the fluid and the geometry of the system. These forces along with the effects of changing engine design affect the volumetric efficiency. In-cylinder (NB Pg.372,) Gas motion within the engine cylinder is one of the major factors that control the combustion process. Both the bulk motion of the gas and the turbulence characteristics of the fluid are important. The in-cylinder combustion process can be divided into four distinct phases; Spark-Ignition Early Flame Development Flame Propogation Flame termination Spark Ignition Pg 585 Close to the end of the compression stroke, the discharge between the spark plug electrodes by the ignition system starts the combustion process. The spark develops a self-sustainable and propagating flame. The function of the ignition system is to initiate the flame propagation process, to repeat this for each cycle, over the full range of load and speed of the engine, at the appropriate time. Spark-timing is an important consideration during the engine process. It can have a number of affects on the efficiency, formation of pollutants and other parameters of the engine. Advancing the timing, so that combustion occurs earlier in the cycle, increases the peak cylinder pressure (compression stroke work transfer, which is work form piston to gases in the cylinder, also increases). This is because more fuel is burned before TDC and the peak pressure moves closer to TDC where the cylinder volume is smaller. Delaying the timing means the peak pressure occurs later in the cycle and is also decreased in magnitude. This is because more of the fuel is burnt after TDC. Higher peak cylinder pressure result in higher peak burned gas temperatures, and therefore higher NOx formation results. Maximum Brake Torque (MBT) is the use of optimal ignition timing to take advantage of internal combustion engines max power and efficiency. It occurs when the compression stroke work transfer (which is from the piston to the cylinder gases) is increased and the expansion stroke (which is from cylinder gases to the piston) is reduced. The MBT timing occurs when the magnitude of these two opposing trends just offset each other. Altering the timing from MBT lowers the torque [4]. Generally, spark timing is delayed so as to avoid abnormal combustion. Abnormal combustion refers to either knock or surface ignition. Knock is the name given to the noise transmitted through an engine when a spontaneous ignition of a portion of the end-gas occurs. End-gas is the mixture of fuel, air and residual gas ahead of the propagating flames. The spark plug ignites one flame front, however an uncontrolled combustion then occurs and an extremely rapid release of most of the chemical energy in the end-gas leads to the initiation of multiple flame fronts. When these multiple flame fronts collide, the cylinder pressure increases and causes the piston, connecting rods and bearings to resonate [5]. Knock has a direct impact on efficiency because it limits the maximum compression ratio that can be used in any cylinder. Surface-ignition is another type of abnormal combustion. It occurs when ignition is initiated by a local hot-spot located on the walls of the cylinder. Direct Injection Spark Ignition Direct Injection (DI) engines deliver the fuel directly into the combustion chamber. The traditional method pre-mixes air and fuel in the intake manifold and then delivers it to the cylinder. However with DI engines, air enters through the intake manifold, where a specific amount of fuel is sprayed into the cylinder. Early Flame Development Pg.846-850 During the in-cylinder process of compression and combustion, the increasing cylinder pressure forces some of the gas in the cylinder into the corners or narrow volumes connected to the combustion chamber, e.g. the volumes between the piston, rings and cylinder wall. Most of this gas remains unburned in the primary combustion process as the flame cannot enter these narrow regions. Spark-Timing Pg 585 There is always an optimal spark timing for all operating conditions of an engine. MBT is most ideal at WOT however is not desired when the engine is at idle. Although MBT is desired at WOT it is wise to retard timing slightly to prevent knock that may occur and to create a small safety margin. It is possible to calculate the MBT of an engine by taking into account of all the operating conditions of an engine through its sensors. Operating conditions are defined by the engine parameters lambda, engine load, internal exhaust gas recirculation, engine speed, and of course spark advance. Magnusson, J. 2007 An Investigation of Maximum Brake Torque Timing based on Ionization Current Feedback Exhaust ( Pg. 626,570,) The level of sulfate emissions depends on the fuel sulfur content. Unleaded gasoline contains 150 to 600 ppm by weight sulfur, which is then oxidized during the combustion process to form SOx. The emission of particles is increased when the engine is cold, i.e. following start-up. The exhaust temperature has a significant effect on pollutant formation. Particles form in the exhaust manifold and either are emitted immediately or deposit on the walls of the exhaust. Many of these are removed when the engine is suddenly accelerated. The exhaust geometry, specifically the diameter, determines the amount of particles emitted. Incomplete combustion due to bulk quenching of the flame in that fraction of the engine cycle where combustion is relatively slow, is a source of hydrocarbons in engines. Such conditions are most likely to occur during transient engine operation when the air/fuel ratio, spark timing, and the fraction of the exhaust recycled for emission control may not be properly matched. Engine Design The major combustion chamber design objectives which relate to engine performance and emissions are; Pg. 845-> A fast combustion process, with low cycle-by-cycle variability, over the full operating engine range A high volumetric efficiency at wide open throttle Minimum heat loss to the combustion chamber walls A low fuel octane requirement Faster burn process is more robust and results in the engine being able to operate satisfactorily with much more EGR, or much leaner, without a deterioration in combustion quality. Faster burning chamber designs exhibit much less cycle variation, this permits better control of NOx within the engine. This is achieved in a number of ways. Swirl is used to speed up the combustion process in some spark-ignition engines. Swirl is defined as the organized rotation of the charge about the cylinder axis. Swirl is created by designing the intake system such that the flow enters the cylinder with an initial angular momentum. This is done in two ways, either the flow is discharged into the cylinder tangentially towards the cylinder wall. or intake? High volumetric efficiency is required to obtain the highest possible power density. Effective vvalve open area, which depends on valve diameter and lift, directly affects volumetic efficiency. Swirl speeds up process and achieves greater combustion stability. Heat transfer to chamber walls has a major impact on efficiency. Blowdown amount of time/distance/degrees between exhaust port opening and the transfer port opening Muller. P, 2009, Muller Machine, http://www.muller.net/mullermachine/index.html The blowdown process is similar to that of the RAM effect. It is necessary to open the exhaust valve before the piston reaches the bottom of the stroke, as this allows any excess pressure, pressure left over from the last cycle, to be released from cylinder. This ensures there will be no pressure acting against the piston on the compression stroke. Accurate exhaust valve timing is essential. At higher speeds, the valve will have to be opened sooner, whereas for lower speeds if the valve is opened to soon means pressure is lowered and losses are incurred. AutoWare, 1998, Valve Timing Performance  , http://www.auto-ware.com/combust_bytes/valvetiming.html The exhaust manifold operates at pressures significantly above atmospheric. Pollutants (pg.626, 570, CO-Pg. 593, summary Pg.618,) Theoretically, the combustion process of hydrocarbon fuels, such as petrol, completely oxidizes the fuel and the only by-products are carbon dioxide and water. However, under actual conditions this is rarely, if ever the case. The products of combustion from an internal combustion engine produce pollutants. This is due to the varied composition of the fuel for each cycle. Impurities in the fuel itself mean complete combustion is not possible. Poor control of the air-fuel ratio and variations in the combustions temperature also contribute to the formation of pollutants. The main pollutants formed are sulfur oxides (SOx), nitride oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM). These pollutants have detrimental health effects. The presence of a catalytic convertor reduces the amount of harmful emissions entering the atmosphere by changing the composition of the pollutants. One of the most important variables in determining spark-ignition engine emissions is the fuel/air equivalence ration. GRAPH OF EMISSIONS!! To ensure smooth and reliable operation, SI engines are typically run close to stoichiometric, or slightly fuel-rich. From graph (ABOVE), lean mixtures give lower emissions until the quality becomes poor and back-fire occurs. In a cold engine, fuel vaporization is slow, the fuel flow is increased to provide an easily combustible fuel-rich mixture in the cylinder. Until the engine warms up and the enrichment is removed, the CO and HC emissions are high OpenWAM Simulation Software OpenWAM is a 1-dimensional gas-dynamics engine thermodynamic cycle simulation code. It was developed by the CMT- Motores Tà ©rmicos of the Universidad Polità ©cnica de Valencia, Spain. openWAM Modeling is an important technique for the optimization of internal combustion engines (ICE). The use of calculation models together with experimental tests is producing unquestionable successes due to the fact that both techniques complement each other. 1D wave action models simplify the engine by means of ducts, where only one dimension is considered, and volumes where mass accumulation is considered and the gas properties are uniform in the entire element. Finally, non dimensional models are used to solve connections between 1D and 0D elements. Thanks to more than 20 years, more than 10 PhD Thesis and many research projects and publications, CMT-Motores Tà ©rmicos has developed an own 1D gas dynamic tool called WAM which gathers an important know-how on air management, compressible flow, turbocharging, chemical species tracking, numerical analysis and many other aspects of engine modeling http://www.cmt.upv.es/WAM_02_02.aspx 1 dimensional modeling can reproduce the behavior of the engine under transient conditions when the injected fuel and the engine speed change during the simulation. For these applications, a heat transfer model is very important to take into account the heating process that the different parts of the engine undergoes during the transient. http://www.cmt.upv.es/img/WWam04.png http://giantmaw.com/Photo%20Album/Image%20Library/Cars/BMW/MWerks%20Forums%20the%20BMW%20Engine%20FAQ_files/4981_832.jpg

How the Dominican Republic Changed My American Middle Class Life :: Personal Narrative Culture Essays

How the Dominican Republic Changed My American Middle Class Life I am a product of American society. Born and raised in Racine, Wisconsin, I grew up in a middle class suburban neighborhood. Christian morals and values have been bestowed upon me since the day I was brought into this world. I was taught to love and respect others. I would have liked to think that I was the result of a well-rounded educational system. After all, I studied world history. I was also exposed to the horrors of third-world countries by watching the commercials on television crying out for money to help those children with bellies bloated of air and disease eating their bodies? And of course, I will never forget the tragedies of oppressed nations so eloquently represented in the daily editions of the Journal Times. Every morning I sat in my kitchen, scanning the daily paper over a cup of coffee contemplating my daily routine. Should I take the Nissan or the Toyota to school today? Jeans or khakis? Bagel or cereal? All of the essential elements of an average American’s schedule that clutter my brain with decisions seemed to overwhelm me early in the morning. On a usual morning, I would choose the Nissan, a gas-guzzling beast that had become the recent fad among American consumers. I would stroll into school wearing my Gap jeans and J-Crew tee shirt, conscious of the casual look I chose to sport. I would start my day mingling amongst my friends, all remarkably similarly dressed and groomed. We would discuss the all of the pressing social issues: if Joey and Pacy broke up on Dawson’s Creek, where we could buy the latest New Balance shoes, and most importantly, who would have the party on Friday night. Throughout my years in high school, I also became an amazingly cultured individual. Six black people attended my school and I was a friend to all of them. Anthea’s parents were even from Africa. I also familiarized myself with Indian culture as Pikul Patel was a classmate of mine since grade school and I talked to him too.

Cohabitation and its Effect on Marital Stability in the US Essay

Cohabitation and its Effect on Marital Stability in the US Unmarried heterosexual cohabitation has increased sharply in the recent years in the United States. It has in fact become so prevalent that the majority of marriages and remarriages now begin as cohabiting relationships, and most young men and women cohabit at some point in their lives. It has become quite clear that understanding and incorporating cohabitation into sociological analyses and thinking, is crucial for evaluating family patterns, people’s lifestyles, children’s wellbeing and social changes more broadly. This essay presents some common explanation for cohabitation’s dramatic rise and identifies some analytic questions as to how cohabitation is increasingly a major barrier in the marital stability in the United States. Cohabitation, over the last two decades has gone from being a relatively uncommon social phenomenon to a commonplace one and has achieved this prominence quite quickly. A few sets of numbers convey both the change and its rapidity. The percentage of marriages preceded by cohabitation rose from about 10% for those marrying between 1965 and 1974 to over 50% for those marrying between 1990 and 1994 (Bumpass and Lu 1999, Bumpass & Sweet 1989); the percentage is even higher for remarriages. Secondly, the percentage of women in their late 30s who report having cohabited at least once rose from 30% in 1987 to 48% in 1995. Given a mere eight year tome window, this is a striking increase. Finally, the proportion of all first unions (including both marriages and cohabitation) that begin as cohabitations rose from 46% for unions formed between 1980 and 1984 to almost 60% for those formed between 1990 and 1994 (Bumpass and Lu 1999). Various aspe... ... stepfamilies: implications of cohabitation and nonmarital childbearing. Demography 32:425 36 Bumpass LL, Sweet JA. 1989. National estimates of cohabitation. Demography 26:615 25 Bumpass LL, Sweet JA, Cherlin A. 1991. The role of cohabitation in declining rates of marriage. Demography 53:913 27 Goode WJ. 1963. World Revolution and Family Patterns. New York: Free Manning WD, Smock PJ. 1997. Children's living arrangements in unmarried-mother families. J. Fam. Issues 18:526 44 Nock SL. 1995. A comparison of marriages and cohabiting relationships. J. Fam. Issues 16:53 76 Rindfuss RR, VandenHeuvel A. 1990. Cohabitation: a precursor to marriage or an alternative to being single? Pop. Dev. Rev. 16:703 26 Thornton A. 1991. Influence of the marital history of parents on the marital and cohabitation experiences of children. Am. J. Sociol. 96:868 94

Bungee Jumping :: essays research papers

Bungee Jumping Bungee jumping is a sport that has dramatically evolved over the past couple decades. Bungee jumping has evolved into a sport of art and thrill. As a tribal tradition, the ritual was soon incorporated with a bungee cord. Bungee jumping spread rapidly throughout the world, ever-growing in popularity. Detailed designs and engineering have helped to take bungee jumping to all new limits. An array of prices depicts a variety of heights, harnesses, and locations of sites. Bungee jumping offers many diverse medical advantages. New innovations in the bungee field have led to all new rides and adventures. Bungee jumping is a sport that enables a person to prove something to themselves, regardless of age, sex, religion, or race. Bungee jumping is based on an age-old ritual practiced by the â€Å"land divers† of Pentecost island in the South Pacific archipelago of Vanuatu. Young men proved their courage by plummeting off giant towers. Every spring villagers there collect liana vines and wind them into long cords. The men then scale six story wooden towers, attach the vines around their ankles and jump. A successful leap is considered a demonstration of courage. In 1979, a bungee cord was incorporated with this tribal ritual. Members of the Oxford University's Dangerous Sports Club read about and designed a safe form of the practice. Atop the Golden Gate Bridge, dressed in tuxedos and top hats, the first form of bungee jumping came to existence. In 1987, bungee jumping moved to the American commercial scene. Two brothers, John and Peter Kockelman, began jumping from bridges over river gorges in the Sierras. Recognizing the sport's commercial potential, they opened Bungee Adventures in 1988. Bungee jumping spread rapidly throughout the world, ever-growing in popularity. Bungee jumping became national crazes in many areas. After the use of a bungee cord was thought of, the idea first spread through New Zealand. From here, Australia and France soon caught on and joined the sport. This new hobby, predominantly known and practiced only by skydivers, rock climbers, and other extremists caught the world's attention and spread like a wild fire. In America, bungee jumping was also proving popular. The first commercial bungee business began thirty minutes outside San Diego, CA. Commercial sites in Colorado and Utah soon began to pop up. Expansions of these businesses now help to cover almost every western state. Bungee Jumping's popularity has helped it to become an officially recognized sport. National Freestlye Bungee Championships are held each year and are broadcasted on a number of channels including â€Å"ESPN 2." Detailed designs and engineering have helped to take bungee jumping to

The Culture Change After Wwi

They are no longer having the sense of patriotism, and a lot of them move aboard to taste the expatriate lifestyle. They are lost in this world, and they do not know what to do. The literatures at this time period really reflect the idea of being lost. The writers called themselves the lost generation. â€Å"The phrase was actually originated by the garage owner who repaired Stein's which was a famous writer at that time car. When a young mechanic failed to repair the car In a way satisfactory to Stein the owner had shouted at him, â€Å"You are all a generation Purdue. Stein, In telling Hemingway the story added, ‘ThatIs what you are. That's what you all are†¦ All of you young people who served In the war. You are a lost generation. † The term became very popular after Hemingway public his novel â€Å"the sun also rise†. Like Hemingway said † I was always embarrassed by the words sacred, glorious, and sacrifice.. I had seen nothing sacred, and the thi ngs that were glorious had no glory and he sacrifices were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it. † His book the sun also rises reflect the idea of expatriates and create the sense of lost. The main characters are mostly engage in heavily drinking.They work in the daytime, and drunk in the night time. They don't think about their future, or they don't know they do or do not have a future. There are a lot of famous writers belong to the lost generation Like F. Scott Fitzgerald, T. S Eliot, Gertrude Stein. In T. S Elite's poem the waste land, he constantly reminded the readers that there Is no future on this land, and this land Is a abandon land. Similarly, F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote In his novel the side of paradise that this generation † Grown up to find all Gods dead, all wars ought, and all faiths in man shaken. † The war helped the rise of the black culture.The new Negro movement or the nowadays so called Harlem Renais sance was a black culture movement. It started at Harlem, a section of New York City which gathered one hundred and fifty thousand African American. African-American writers and artists gave voice here challenging the structures of American racial oppression, and show the potential of the black culture to the world. The movement was stared at the end of WWW, and ended in the start of the great depression. WWW created a lot of Job opportunity in the north, and his led to the migration of black people from the south which was known as the Great Migration.The black people gathered together at place like Harlem to form their own black community. After the war, soldiers return from the front, and competing job with the black people. Racial riots broke out in the north. The increase the Harlem renaissance. A lot of writers and artist saw this culture movement as a opportunity of uplifting the black culture, and gained more right to the African American. However, some writers and artists s aw this movement was Just an expression of their native culture.

To What Extent And Why Did German Nationalism Change Between 1789 And 1840?

German nationalism did change between 1789 and 1840, regarding their aims, characteristics and demographics, but only to some extent. The changes and continuation of nationalism were essentially affected by the international context and the domestic factors which both stimulated and stagnated German nationalism throughout the period. Although the nationalists may have not achieved their ultimate aim for political unity by 1840, the events during this period had indeed strengthened the ‘cultural well'.The aims of the nationalists did change, but the change and continuity depended on the domestic situation and were influenced by the international context. The initial aim of the nationalists was to have cultural unity and the idea of a ‘grossdeutcheland'. They hoped to achieve a German identity through sharing the same language and taste in art, literature and music. The nationalists were inspired by the words of Hegel and his idea of the ‘volksgeist' and Fichte's prin ciple of ‘German superiority and the ‘fatherland'.The desire for cultural unity remained and continued from 1789, as sown in the Wartburg Festival in 1817 where they created the German Lutzow Freikorps flag, and this was also carried out in the Hambach festival 1932. Moreover, the location of it being the refuge of Martin Luther is significant and to the nationalists, it gives a historic foundation to Germany. Although cultural unity wasn't the main aim later on, the events of the Battle of Leipzig 1813 and particularly the Rhine Crisis in 1840, did inadvertently deepen the ‘cultural well'.The fact that Theirs claimed that the Rhineland, which became a historical ground for the Germans after the war of liberation, was France's natural border, intensified the cultural well. The Rhine crisis attacked the nationalists culture and historic past, and thus led to the Rhine song movement. Becker's popular poem became available for everyone to read, and this widespread nes s strengthened the cultural unity. Hence the international factors didn't change their aim for cultural unity, but helped enhance it.Another fundamental aim of the German nationalists is to have political unity in the Deutsche Bund by amending the structure of the Bund system. They desire a constitution in each state, and although this exists in Bavaria, Wurttemberg and Baden, the main states Prussia and Austria do not adopt this system. The formation of the Deutsche Bund (German Confederation) in 1815 after the War of Liberation made the nationalists against the Bund and its system because it was reactionary.This sparked ideas about liberalism and wanting a constitution, and this began to be expressed in the Wartburg Festival in 1817 where they burnt effigies and created manifestos. Before the creation of the Bund the nationalists didn't want political unity, and the freikorps were fighting for their nation. However, the creation of the bund had changed their aims into wanting poli tical unity. Nevertheless, the nationalists were restricted from achieving their aim, because they were being repressed by the Carlsbad decrees 1819 created by the Bund in result of Wartburg.This meant that the nationalists could not openly attack the Bund, had no rights of association and were prevented from writing manifestos. They were further repressed by the 6 Acts 1834 in response to Hambach, and so this repression prevented the nationalists from changing and trying to achieve their aims. Hence the political context restricted the nationalists and so there was a decade of no change. However, it wasn't until the Rhine crisis which allowed the nationalists to express themselves more since the Bund appeased them and allowed Becker's popular poem to be published in every newspaper, available to all.This to some was seen as a turning point or a big change as the Bund was supporting the nationalists to some extent, but only because the nationalists were not against the Bund. This co uld suggest that although the nationalists didn't manage to make changes to the political system, they did change and improve the relationship between them and the Bund. Thus, the political context did stagnate and restrict the nationalist movement in terms of their aims, but it did help them achieve cultural unity. The characteristics of the nationalists indeed changed from 1879- 1840.The French Revolution in 1789 inspired the nationalists into having liberal ideas, which the Bund were reactionary to. This reactionary and conservative system made the nationalists anti-establishment, since they rejected the French ideas of having constitutions, freedom of speech and press and rights to vote. This liberalism was shown in both Wartburg and Hambach where they created their manifesto of demands to reform the government, and this anti- establishment continued throughout this period. It can be said that theRhine Crisis proves there to be a relationship formed with the nationalists and the Bund since Metternich sympathised the nationalists, they still remained anti-establishment. Although the nationalists were inspired by French idea's, they were always hostile to France. This was because of the constant intervention and triumph of France, with the Treaty of Tilsit 1807 on Prussia after Battle of Jena and Auerstedt, and in particular the War of Liberation 1815 which was fought on the Rhineland, and finally the Rhine Crisis 1840.France has always remained a national enemy in the eyes of both the Bund and the nationalists, and this hostility intensifies particularly in 1840 when Theirs claims the Rhineland is France's ‘natural borders' and sends troops there. Hence France is a key factor to why the characteristics of the nationalists have stayed the same and changed. One key change however is the behaviour and method of the nationalists. As a result of the repression from the Carlsbad decrees 1819 and the 6 Acts 1834, the nationalists were very limited and restri cted as they couldn't express their demands openly, as there was strict censorship.Thus this lead to romanticism, where underlying political messages were hidden in art literature and music. France's interference in the Rhine Crisis influenced the ‘Rhine song movement' , as since the nationalists were under censorship, they expressed themselves romantically. Thus, the characteristics and behaviour of the nationalists did change through romanticism, but their ideas of anti-establishment and hostility to France continued, and all were effected by France and the political context.In hindsight, the demographics of the nationalist movement may seem to grow and become widespread, but in reality it essentially stayed the same. The nationalists primarily consisted of middle-class educated bourgeoisie students and lecturers who were referred to as the burschenschaft. There were only 1,000 burschenschaft out of 10,000 students in the German Confederation, and so the initial scale of how many nationalists there were is very small compared to the general size of the population.During the War of Liberation, only 12% of those who fought were freikorps who fought for the ‘German nation', whilst the others were conscripted soldiers fighting only for their monarchy. Hence this proves that the demographics in the beginning was very small, and so nationalism was not very known or popular. The nationalists hoped to gain more supporters by having discussion circles and gymnastic societies. Nonetheless, in the Wartburg festival, merely 500 burschenschaft members attended, again showing how not many people shared the same nationalist ideas.Perhaps this was because of the disorganisation of the Wartburg festival, as the burschenschaft did not productively state what they want to do, but rather complained about the current Bund, making it difficult for others to understand their true aims. In contrast to Hambach 1832 however, there was a big increase in attendance of 20-30 ,000 people. This was seen to be the most ‘popular political festival'. Conversely, a lot of the people who attended were peasants who were most likely there to sell food for their own economic reasons, not for the political side to it.Also, although Hambach seemed to be more organised than Wartburg, only the literates could understand and read the invitations, and so again it seems that only the educated middle class burschenschaft were exposed to the political agenda, not the illiterates who made up almost most of the population. Again, it wasn't until the Rhine crisis did the demographics change a little. The fact that an average, unknown court clerk wrote the poem in September 1840, makes it more relatable to the public which is why it was widespread.The Bund allowed the poem to be published in every German newspaper, which also means that more people were becoming literate and so there was more support and ideas spread faster across the regions. This could have affected t he demographics, in increasing but not as much since it was still lead by the middle class burschenschaft. What limits the nationalists into achieving their aims is that they have no clear leader, and so perhaps if there was one, the ideas could become more widespread, hence once step further to achieving their aims.The demographics does in essence stay the same throughout the period, it being the very few educated middle class. In conclusion, German Nationalism did change in terms of their romantic behaviour and political and cultural aims, and the key factors to why these changes occurred was mainly the influence of France, and the political changes within the Bund. Yet, their ideas and characteristics of being hostile to France and remaining antiestablishment and the small scale of demographics continued to stay the same from 1789-1840 because of the repression in result of censorship, and again French intervening.It seems that throughout this period, a pattern has emerged where the nationalists create a festival or event, which leads to repression and a decade of censorship. This repression lead to the change in behaviour, where they expressed their ideas through romanticism building their cultural well and then France's influence leads to the cycle occurring again. However, we cannot ignore the fact that, although the nationalists may have not achieved their political aims, the events through this period has definitely built upon their ‘cultural well', and so had achieved cultural unity to some extent, and this is a change.

Analyzations of Emily Dickinson’s Poems Essay

Emily Dickinson wrote multiple poems describing objects without ever saying the object’s names. A few examples would be her poems â€Å"Leaden Sieves,† â€Å"A Narrow Fellow in the Grass,† and â€Å"Route of Evanescence.† These poems are similar to a riddle. In order to determine what her poem is about one must analyze the poems to identify what the object is by observing how appropriate the description is and how effective the language is in conveying the essence of the object. The first poem, â€Å"Leaden Sieves,† is about snow. The description and language was very clear to understand in this particular poem. Line 2 read, â€Å"It powders all the Wood.† Powder is white. The word â€Å"powder† also suggests that the object gently covers something. More details that lead the reader to believe that the poem could potentially be about snow fall in the following lines, â€Å"It reaches to the Fence/It wraps it Rail by Rail/Till it is lost in Fleeces† (9-11). These lines suggest that snow is covering the fence and its’ rails. â€Å"Till it is lost in Fleeces† is again suggesting that the object is white. Fleece is the coat of a lamb which is white. Lines 14-15 say, â€Å"A Summer’s empty room/Acres of Joints, where Harvests were.† These lines give the impression that it is the winter season. â€Å"A Summer’s empty room,† meaning that summer is gone and â€Å"where Harvests were,† imply ing that what used to be growth is now dead. Dickinson’s poem, â€Å"A Narrow Fellow in the Grass,† is about a snake. The description and language was decently clear to understand in this poem. A reader can easily determine it is some type of creature that resides on the ground, but it is not very clear as to whether it is a snake or maybe a worm. When line 6 stated, â€Å"a spotted Shaft†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this gave assurance that a snake would be the more correct option since snakes can be spotted. â€Å"A narrow Fellow in the Grass/Occasionally rides/You may have met Him-did you not/His notice sudden is† (1-4). These line imply that it is a creature that slithers on the ground, and also that it moves fast because it can happen a upon a person at a â€Å"sudden† instant. Also the person in the poem mistook the object for a â€Å"Whip lash† (13) which is a rope. A snake is shaped like a rope. â€Å"Route of Evanescence† is very short poem so it’s description is difficult to catch onto. The length of poem plays an important part in the poem’s language though. This poem is about a hummingbird. Line 3 says, â€Å"A Resonance of Emerald† describes the object as possessing a deep, beautiful green color. â€Å"And every Blossom on the Bush/Adjusts it’s tumbled Head† (5-6) suggests flowers that are moving as if perhaps they have just been drank from by a hummingbird. The word â€Å"rush† in line 4 and the short length of the poem implies that the object is something that moves fast and is there and then gone in a blink. The final poem (#585) is about a train. â€Å"I like to see it lap the Miles/And lick the Valleys up† (1-2) suggests not only that the object moves but also that it can cover great distances by using the word â€Å"miles.† Also the object makes some type of noise. The following lines are two examples of the object having the ability to make noise, â€Å"In horrid-hooting stanza† (12) and â€Å"†¦neigh like Boanerges† (14). Lastly. the lines â€Å"The-punctual as a Star/Stop-docile and omnipotent/At its own stable door† (15-17) insinuates something arriving at a destination at a set time like a train does at a depot. Poems can describe objects without saying the object’s names. Readers can determine what the poem is about by analyzing the poems, observing how appropriate the description is, and how effective the language is in conveying the essence of the object. Dickinson’s poems â€Å"Leaden Sieves,† â€Å"A Narrow Fellow in the Grass,† and â€Å"Route of Evanescence† were riddles they were soon solved after a lot of analyzation.